NATURE OF CODE-SWITCHING AMONG THE BANGLADESHI TERTIARY LEVEL FACEBOOK USERS

The aim of this research paper to explore the different types and frequency of code switching in Facebook by the tertiary level (both graduate and undergraduate) FB users in Bangladesh.  Code-switching is a regular and subconscious practice for verbal communication. But this issue is very prominent among the students of universities on the social media, especially on Facebook. I always find it interesting and so it prompted me to conduct a research study on this topic. For this purpose, a qualitative study was conducted by observing FB status updates and conversation of 10 active FB users. 4 status updates and 6 private conversations were collected as data and data were analyzed through text analysis. After data analysis, the findings show the frequency of the three types of code-switching in Facebook profiles of the tertiary level FB users. My research has revealed that university students as active FB users often switch codes in their status updates and private conversations. It has been found that all three types of code-switching namely inter-sentential, intra-sentential and tag switching occur but intra-sentential switching occurs most in their status updates and conversations. As the research was done on a very small number of participants, it cannot justify the various reasons and factors behind code-switching of the tertiary level FB users. So more studies have been recommended to find out related issues and overall impact of code-switching among the Bangladeshi young FB users

Caught between 'Crossfire' in the Context of Bangladesh

In recent times, the law enforcement agencies of Bangladesh are universally appreciated for their constitutive and plucky attitude to extremist gangs inside the country. Contrariwise, a suspicious incident of a particular form of extrajudicial killing; Crossfire is fading their achievements. Initially, it was a media term, but now widely used to express the murder of a criminal or accused in a gunfight event between members of law enforcement agencies and criminal groups. This occurrence is facing enormous criticisms in the home and abroad and considered as a violation of human rights. Though public notions about these incidents are surprisingly flexible and they consider this for a prognosis to remainder culprits. This paper analyzed the justice idea of both groups; who are for and against this event from a moral philosophical perspective in the context of Bangladesh. Both the utilitarian idea analyzed by Jeremy Bentham (consequences) and John Stuart Mill (individual human rights) echoes the voice of these two distinct groups respectively. However, the article advocates for a distinctive idea of justice known as deontological philosophy proposed by Immanuel Kant. This moral ideology concentrates on universal human rights and keeps the consequences aside. Considering the fact 'Crossfire', this paper believed there is no alternative to ensuring justice and enacting moral duty of law enforcement agencies to indemnify security and safety of the citizen of Bangladesh.Â

Multiple-valued logic: technology and circuit implementation

Title from PDF of title page, viewed March 1, 2023Dissertation advisors: Masud H. Chowdhury and Yugyung LeeVitaIncludes bibliographical references (pages 91-107)Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2021Computing technologies are currently based on the binary logic/number system, which is dependent on the simple on and off switching mechanism of the prevailing transistors. With the exponential increase of data processing and storage needs, there is a strong push to move to a higher radix logic/number system that can eradicate or lessen many limitations of the binary system. Anticipated saturation of Moore's law and the necessity to increase information density and processing speed in the future micro and nanoelectronic circuits and systems provide a strong background and motivation for the beyond-binary logic system. During this project, different technologies for Multiple-Valued-Logic (MVL) devices and the associated prospects and constraints are discussed. The feasibility of the MVL system in real-world applications rests on resolving two major challenges: (i) development of an efficient mathematical approach to implement the MVL logic using available technologies and (ii) availability of effective synthesis techniques. The main part of this project can be divided into two categories: (i) proposing different novel and efficient design for various logic and arithmetic circuits such as inverter, NAND, NOR, adder, multiplexer etc. (ii) proposing different fast and efficient design for various sequential and memory circuits. For the operation of the device, two of the very promising emerging technologies are used: Graphene Nanoribbon Field Effect Transistor (GNRFET) and Carbon Nano Tube Field Effect Transistor (CNTFET). A comparative analysis of the proposed designs and several state-of-the-art designs are also given in all the cases in terms of delay, total power, and power-delay-product (PDP). The simulation and analysis are performed using the H-SPICE tool with a GNRFET model available on the Nanohub website and CNTFET model available from Standford University website.Introduction -- Fundamentals and scope of multiple valued logic -- Technological aspect of multiple valued logic circuit -- Ternary logic gates using Graphene Nano Ribbon Field Effect Transistor (GNRFET) -- Ternary arithmetic circuits using Graphene Nano Ribbon Field Effect Transistor (GNRFET) -- Ternary sequential circuits using Graphene Nano Ribbon Field Effect Transistor (GNRFET) -- Ternary memory circuits using Carbon Nano Tube Field Effect Transistor (CNTFET) -- Conclusions & future wor

Role of women in pond fish farming and fish consumption situation in a selected area of Bangladesh

In Bangladesh, aquaculture makes an important contribution to rural livelihoods for food security, nutrition security and cash income. Small-scale fisheries typically depend on men and women’s roles. The Bangladesh fisheries sector is seen as a male domain and the contribution of women is poorly recognized. This study is concerned with the contribution of rural women in different activities of pond fish farming, profitability of pond fish culture, fish consumption level of the sample households and problems and constraints in pond fish farming. For achieving these objectives, 60 women pond fish farmers were selected randomly from Muktagacha upazila of Mymensingh district in Bangladesh. Primary data were collected personally from respondents through a sample survey with the help of a structured and pre-tested interview schedule. Both tabular and econometric techniques were used to analyze the collected data. The major findings indicated that a total working hour in a season (six months) was 418 of an average 12 decimal pond sizes. Men contribute 62.68% (262 hours) and women contribute 37.32% (156 hours) of the total working hours in a season. The per hector/season production, gross return, gross margin and net return were Kg.18188, Tk. 1655108, Tk.740736 and Tk. 654202, respectively. Undiscounted benefit-cost ratio was found 1.65 in the study area. Average per capita fish consumption was 69.01 gm/day, which was higher than the nation average of 44.65 gm/person/day. The main problems faced by the respondents were high feed cost, disease, high labour demand, high cost of a pond excavation, etc. This research concludes that women play a significant role in pond fish farming and achieving household nutrition security. The government and policy makers should acknowledge the women’s contribution in different farming activities and make appropriate policy for women entrepreneurship development in Bangladesh which will lead to achieve sustainable development goals

Influence of Working from Home Culture on the Effectiveness of Virtual Onboarding of New Employees

The COVID-19 pandemic remains a global disaster with extraordinary consequences for corporations and their people. The stresses of working from home during a pandemic are heightened for newbies entering new occupations and organizations. To address the issues concerning the rapid adoption of virtual onboarding in employment relations and human resource management practices, the paper seeks to determine whether there is a positive relationship between online orientation and training and holistic support with virtual onboarding in the context of multinational companies operating in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional survey of 110 individuals of diverse profiles from various multinational companies (MNCs) in Bangladesh is undertaken using Google Forms. The data was analyzed using SPSS 26.0. It was discovered that online orientation, online training, and holistic support play an important part in carrying out a successful virtual onboarding process for newcomers working from home. It was also found that having a strong relationship with peers, and senior coworkers is a key aspect of obtaining the assistance that new employees require in the workplace as they start. It is expected that the managers in the MNCs may regain workers' trust by strengthening their virtual or onboarding operations as a whole. The frameworks offered can guide managers in better responding to employees' needs. The successful use of virtual onboarding among the MNCs in Bangladesh is a little-explored research domain. The study findings address the gap by highlighting its effectiveness and encouraging the implication of virtual onboarding of the employees working from home in the MNCs. The study does not rule out the potential of other factors influencing virtual onboarding effectiveness, nor focus on any particular professional groups. The online survey makes it difficult to provide information on the sample's representativeness. Further research and inquiry are required to confirm the findings

A Recommender System for Adaptive Examination Preparation using Pearson Correlation Collaborative Filtering

Distance learning is any type of far-off instruction where the understudy isn't actually present for the exercise. It is blasting gratitude to the force of the Internet. Distance learning plays a vital role for examination preparation where multiple choice questions can be utilized to evaluate the performance of students. Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) is a type of question used in the examination to evaluate the performance of students accordingly where usually four options are given along with the question, and one has to choose the correct answer. This research includes a simulation model that has been built to keep the learners continue to learn the subjects they might be weak in. We have developed a methodology that may guide a student to update his/her area of weakness by using a recommender system based on Pearson Correlation Collaborative Filtering approach. The paper describes a recommender system that will keep track of a learner's profile and create an adaptive training mechanism using the performance matrix

Design of Ternary Logic and Arithmetic Circuits Using GNRFET

Multiple valued logic (MVL) can represent an exponentially higher number of data/information compared to the binary logic for the same number of logic bits. Compared to the conventional and other emerging device technologies, Graphene Nano Ribbon Field Effect Transistor (GNRFET) appears to be very promising for designing MVL logic gates and arithmetic circuits due to some exceptional electrical properties of the GNRFET, e.g., the ability to control the threshold voltage by changing the width of the GNR. Variation of the threshold voltage is one of the prescribed techniques to achieve multiple voltage levels to implement the MVL circuit. This paper introduces a design approach for ternary logic gates and circuits using MOS-type GNRFET. The designs of basic ternary logic gates like inverters, NAND, NOR, and ternary arithmetic circuits like the ternary decoder, 3:1 multiplexer, and ternary half-adder are demonstrated using GNRFET. A comparative analysis of the GNRFET based ternary logic gates and circuits and those based on the conventional CMOS and CNTFET technologies is performed using delay, total power, and power-delay-product (PDP) as the metrics. The simulation and analysis are performed using the H-SPICE tool with a GNRFET model available on the Nanohub website

Gastrointestinal Disorder Detection with a Transformer Based Approach

Accurate disease categorization using endoscopic images is a significant problem in Gastroenterology. This paper describes a technique for assisting medical diagnosis procedures and identifying gastrointestinal tract disorders based on the categorization of characteristics taken from endoscopic pictures using a vision transformer and transfer learning model. Vision transformer has shown very promising results on difficult image classification tasks. In this paper, we have suggested a vision transformer based approach to detect gastrointestianl diseases from wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) curated images of colon with an accuracy of 95.63\%. We have compared this transformer based approach with pretrained convolutional neural network (CNN) model DenseNet201 and demonstrated that vision transformer surpassed DenseNet201 in various quantitative performance evaluation metrics

Investigation of Multiple-valued Logic Technologies for Beyond-binary Era

Computing technologies are currently based on the binary logic/number system, which is dependent on the simple on and off switching mechanism of the prevailing transistors. With the exponential increase of data processing and storage needs, there is a strong push to move to a higher radix logic/number system that can eradicate or lessen many limitations of the binary system. Anticipated saturation of Moore’s law and the necessity to increase information density and processing speed in the future micro and nanoelectronic circuits and systems provide a strong background and motivation for the beyond-binary logic system. In this review article, different technologies for Multiple-valued-Logic (MVL) devices and the associated prospects and constraints are discussed. The feasibility of the MVL system in real-world applications rests on resolving two major challenges: (i) development of an efficient mathematical approach to implement the MVL logic using available technologies, and (ii) availability of effective synthesis techniques. This review of different technologies for the MVL system is intended to perform a comprehensive investigation of various MVL technologies and a comparative analysis of the feasible approaches to implement MVL devices, especially ternary logic

Comparative study between biological and chemical agents for control sheath blight disease of rice

Biological control measures are indispensable to sustain global food security, due to it being economically profitable and environmentally sound. A comparative study was conducted to know the effectiveness of biological control measures compared with contact fungicide. Trichoderma spp. based bio fungicides Bioquick and Biospark were applied as preventive measures and contact fungicide as a curative measure for controlling sheath blight disease in rice varieties BR 71 and IR 24. Biospark and Bioquick were applied before disease development while, contact fungicide was used after the initiation of sheath blight disease. At the early stage of disease development, the effect of Bioquick, Biospark, and fungicide in terms of reducing percent relative lesion height and percent tiller infection are comparable. At 14 DAI and 18 DAI, contact fungicide performed best among the three control measures based on the two parameters. The genotypes of the rice accessions used in the study also appeared to be a factor in disease development, as evidenced by higher horizontal and vertical disease severity in BR71 than in IR24. Between comparison of Bioquick and Biospark in terms of reducing percent relative lesion height, percent tiller infection, and percent disease control, appeared to be higher in Biospark in both varieties. From this study, we can conclude that farmers can use Biospark as a biofungicide to get maximum benefit considering rice yield and ecology. However, its efficacy is slightly lower than chemical fungicides for controlling sheath blight disease of rice